Phenoxyethanol is primarily employed as a preservative in various formulations to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteri It consists of a benzene ring connected to a hydroxyl group and an ether linkage. This structure contributes to its solubility in both water and many organic solvents. Typically, it is used at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in cosmetics and personal care products.

Iodopovidone, another name for povidone-iodine (PVP-I), is an antiseptic used to disinfect skin both before and after surgery. It can be applied as a liquid or powder, and it disinfects the hands of medical professionals as well as small wounds. PVP-I, which contains 10% povidone and 1% total titratable iodine, is a chemical complex of elemental iodine, hydrogen iodide, and povidone. It is listed as an essential medicine by the World Health Organization and was first used commercially in 1955.

Methylisothiazolinone, a white solid chemical molecule, is utilized in personal care goods and industrial applications as a biocide. It is allergenic and is used to suppress microbial development in water-based systems. Kathon, a commercially available combination, is used in food-contact paper goods to prevent slime and as an antibacterial ingredient in latex adhesives.

Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) is a biocide that is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungus. It is often found in water-based personal care and cosmetics, as well as adhesives, detergents, paints, fuels, and industrial operations. It is frequently used in conjunction with other preservatives such as ethylparaben, benzalkonium chloride, bronopol, and phenoxyethanol.

Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, which exists in this form when dissolved in water. This compound is produced by treating benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide. On a commercial level, benzoic acid is produced by the partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen. Sodium benzoate is a common food preservative and is also used in various industrial applications.