Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, which exists in this form when dissolved in water. This compound is produced by treating benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide. On a commercial level, benzoic acid is produced by the partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen. Sodium benzoate is a common food preservative and is also used in various industrial applications.

A widely used preservative in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to prevent microbial contamination.

Sorbic acid is an organic compound that is used as a preservative in the food and beverage industry. It is a white, crystalline powder with a slightly acrid taste. Sorbic acid is often used to inhibit the growth of molds, yeasts, and some bacteria in food products, thus extending their shelf life.

Butylated hydroxytoluene, commonly known as BHT, is a synthetic antioxidant that is widely used as a food additive. It is also employed in various industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and the rubber and petroleum industries. BHT is added to products to prevent or slow down the oxidation of fats and oils, helping to extend their shelf life.

Triphenyltin Hydroxide (TPHT) is an organotin compound widely used as a fungicide and pesticide. It is effective in controlling fungal diseases in crops and is also utilized in antifouling paints for marine vessels. TPHT acts by inhibiting fungal growth, ensuring crop protection and enhancing agricultural productivity.