Citric acid, a popular compound found naturally in citrus fruits, serves as a multifunctional ingredient in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. While generally regarded as safe, citric acid poses some concerns regarding its handling, health implications, and environmental impact.
Handling & Health Concerns
Citric acid, although considered a weak organic acid, presents potential hazards upon direct contact. It is classified as a severe eye irritant and a moderate skin irritant. Inhalation of citric acid may induce symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or a sore throat. Ingestion of large quantities can lead to abdominal pain and throat irritation. Moreover, concentrated solutions of citric acid can cause redness and pain upon contact with the skin and eyes. Prolonged or repeated exposure may result in the erosion of tooth enamel.
Environmental Concerns
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has designated citric acid as “Generally Recognized as Safe.” This classification indicates that when used appropriately, citric acid poses minimal risk to human health and the environment. Citric acid naturally degrades when introduced to organisms commonly found in surface water and soil, thus preventing accumulation. The EPA asserts that the proper use of citric acid does not lead to significant adverse effects on human health or the environment.
