Phenoxyethanol is primarily employed as a preservative in various formulations to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteri It consists of a benzene ring connected to a hydroxyl group and an ether linkage. This structure contributes to its solubility in both water and many organic solvents. Typically, it is used at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in cosmetics and personal care products.

EHG is derived from glycerin, which is a common ingredient in skincare due to its moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties. EHG often functions as a preservative booster in cosmetic formulations, enhancing the efficacy of other preservatives in controlling microbial growth.

Triclosan is an antibacterial agent added to many different products. More than 80% of triclosan usage is in personal care products, cosmetics and household cleaning products. These products contain between 0.1% and 0.3% triclosan. Data proves that triclosan in toothpaste was effective in preventing gingivitis.

Avobenzone is a benzophenone derivative used in sunscreens. As a UVA absorber, it prevents UVA radiation penetration by absorbing and dissipating it. Despite its efficacy, Avobenzone can be less photostable, often requiring stabilizers in formulations. It crucially contributes to protecting the skin from UVA-induced damage.

Benzophenone is an aromatic ketone widely employed in sunscreens to absorb ultraviolet (UV) light. Its chemical structure, a phenyl ketone with two benzene rings, allows it to dissipate UV radiation as heat. Benzophenone protects the skin by preventing UV-induced damage, contributing to sunscreen formulations' photoprotective properties.