Sulphuric Acid
ELRASATM – SLA
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Sulphuric Acid is a dense, colourless to pale-yellow, highly corrosive strong mineral acid the most produced industrial chemical in the world. It functions as a strong acid, dehydrating agent,…
CAS Number
7664-93-9
HS Code
2807.00.10
INCI Name
Sulphuric Acid
Molecular Formula
H2SO4
Sulphuric Acid
ELRASATM – SLA
Sulphuric Acid is a dense, colourless to pale-yellow, highly corrosive strong mineral acid the most produced industrial chemical in the world. It functions as a strong acid, dehydrating agent, catalyst, raw material across fertilisers, chemicals, metals & mining, batteries,…
CAS Number
7664-93-9
INCI Name
Sulphuric Acid
HS Code
2807.00.10
Molecular Formula
H2SO4
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Product Specification
Physical Properties
| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Colorless viscous liquid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Molecular Weight | 98.08 g/mol |
| Molecular Formula | H₂SO₄ |
| Density | 1.8302 g/cm³ |
| Specific Gravity | ~1.84 g/cm³ at 20°C |
| Viscosity | 26.7 cP (20 °C) |
| Ph (Aqueous Solution) | <0.1 (93% Solution); 0.3 (5% or 1N Solution) |
| Assay / Purity | min 98.50% |
Chemical Properties
| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Pka | pKa1 = -10, pKa2 = 2.0 |
| Ionic Nature | Strong mineral acid; diprotic |
| Incompatibilities | Reactive with water, bases, organic materials, combustible materials, reducing agents, and many metals. |
| Hazardous Reactions | Reacts violently with water, generating significant heat. Contact with most metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. |
| Hazardous Decomposition Products | Upon heating to decomposition, may produce toxic fumes of sulfur oxides (SO₂, SO₃). |
Thermal Properties
| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Melting Point | -64°C |
| Boiling Point | 337°C |
| Flash Point | Not flammable |
| Autoignition Temperature | Not flammable |
| Decomposition Temperature | 340°C |
| Thermal Stability | Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. |
Processing Methods & Reference Formulations
A. Acidic Drain Cleaner
A high-density formulation designed to sink through standing water and react with organic blockages like grease, hair, and food particles. The high concentration of sulphuric acid rapidly degrades these materials. Processing requires extreme caution, including slow mixing in a corrosion-resistant vessel with adequate ventilation.
| Key Ingredients | Indicative Dosage (% w/w) |
|---|---|
| Sulphuric Acid (93-98%) | 93.0 - 98.0% |
| Corrosion Inhibitors | 0.5 - 2.0% |
| Water | Balance to 100% |
B. Lead-Acid Battery Electrolyte (Standard Automotive)
The electrolyte is a critical component in lead-acid batteries, facilitating the flow of ions between the lead plates. The specific gravity is a key parameter for a fully charged battery. Formulation involves the careful and slow dilution of concentrated sulphuric acid into deionized water under cooling to manage the strong exothermic reaction.
| Key Ingredients | Indicative Dosage (% w/w) |
|---|---|
| Sulphuric Acid | ~37% |
| Deionized Water | ~63% |
Dosing Guidelines
A. Dosing by Application
| Application | Recommended / Max Dosage |
|---|---|
| Water Treatment (pH Adjustment) | 1 - 30 mg/L (for coagulation) |
| Battery Electrolyte | 29 - 50% concentration by weight |
| Metal Pickling | Varies (e.g., 50% concentration) |
| Chemical Synthesis | Varies (Stoichiometric or Catalytic) |
About Sulphuric Acid
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is the highest-tonnage industrial chemical in the world and a bedrock of the chemical economy. National sulphuric acid consumption is often used as an indicator of industrial activity. A strong, dense, powerfully dehydrating mineral acid, it is used above all in phosphate fertiliser manufacture, and across chemical synthesis, metal pickling and ore processing, petroleum refining, battery electrolyte and water treatment. It is supplied at various concentrations, most commonly 98% (concentrated), and in battery grade (high purity for lead-acid batteries) and technical grade. Its extreme corrosivity and strong affinity for water dictate specialised storage, handling and transport at every concentration. Industrial buyers sourcing Sulphuric Acid in bulk also track sulphuric acid pricing closely, since it feeds directly into their downstream costs which is why working with an established sulphuric acid supplier and distributor like Elchemy matters.
Sulphuric Acid Suppliers, Manufacturers & Distributors
Elchemy is a trusted sulphuric acid supplier, manufacturer partner and distributor, serving fertiliser, chemical, mining, battery, refining and water-treatment manufacturers across the USA, UK, UAE and 40+ countries. As an established sulphuric acid manufacturer network, we supply concentrated 98%, battery-grade and technical-grade H₂SO₄ with a Certificate of Analysis on every batch, and the hazmat documentation each market requires.
Where to Buy Sulphuric Acid in Bulk (98% & Battery Grade)
Looking for where to buy sulphuric acid for industrial or laboratory use? Elchemy supplies bulk sulphuric acid - concentrated 98%, battery grade and technical grade - by the drum, IBC tote or tanker, to businesses across 40+ countries with the required transport and compliance paperwork.
Because it is a DOT Class 8 corrosive (UN1830), we supply verified industrial and laboratory buyers rather than consumers. Submit the quote form with your grade, concentration, volume and destination for pricing within 24–48 hours.
Sulphuric Acid Price: Bulk Pricing & Price per MT
The sulphuric acid price tracks the cost of sulphur - much of it a by-product of oil and gas processing - and energy, so Elchemy quotes live rather than publishing a fixed rate.
Grade (98% versus battery versus technical), concentration, packaging, freight and destination all shape the final number. Buyers benchmark the price per metric ton for contracts and per-drum for smaller lots. Request a quote for an exact bulk sulphuric acid price within 24–48 hours.
Sulphuric Acid Manufacturing Process (Contact Process)
Sulphuric acid is manufactured industrially by the Contact Process, in three stages:
- Burn sulphur to SO₂ - elemental sulphur, or sulphide ore, is burned in air to form sulphur dioxide: S + O₂ → SO₂
- Catalytic oxidation to SO₃ - SO₂ is oxidised to sulphur trioxide over a vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) catalyst at around 450 °C: 2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2SO₃
- Absorption and dilution - SO₃ is absorbed into concentrated sulphuric acid to form oleum (H₂S₂O₇), which is then diluted with water to the target strength
Raw materials are sulphur, air and water, with a V₂O₅ catalyst. Every shipment Elchemy supplies is tested for assay, iron, chloride and heavy metals against the grade spec, with a Certificate of Analysis per order.
Grades Available
- Concentrated / Technical (98%, min 98.5%) - fertiliser, chemical synthesis, metal pickling and general industrial use
- Battery Grade (98% high purity, or 37% dilute) - lead-acid battery electrolyte, with low iron, chloride and heavy metals
- Reagent / Laboratory, ACS (95–98%) - analysis, R&D and small-quantity laboratory use
- Oleum (fuming, >100% with free SO₃) - sulfonation and oleum chemistry
- Dilute / Chamber (10–78%) - water treatment, battery and dilute process uses
Buy Sulphuric Acid in Bulk - Packaging & Logistics
Sulphuric acid ships in acid-resistant HDPE drums and jerry cans, IBC totes, and road or rail tankers for bulk, all under DOT and IMDG hazmat rules (UN1830, Class 8, Packing Group II).
Tanker and IBC supply requires buyer-side receiving infrastructure in compatible materials - HDPE, FRP, PTFE-lined or specific stainless grades, never carbon steel with dilute acid. US domestic stock supports faster fulfilment, and Elchemy arranges compliant freight, placarding and customs paperwork on FOB, CIF or DDP terms.
Store in a cool, ventilated, bunded area away from water, bases, metals and organics.
Why Choose Elchemy as a Trusted Sulphuric Acid Supplier
- All grades from one partner - concentrated 98%, battery grade, technical grade and oleum, matched to your process
- Full documentation and compliance - COA, TDS and GHS SDS every order; TSCA, REACH and hazmat transport paperwork handled
- Verified industrial and laboratory supply - compliant supply of a regulated corrosive, with samples before any bulk order
- 40+ countries - multi-origin sourcing for competitive landed cost, plus tailored grades via custom manufacturing
Safety & Handling
Sulphuric acid is highly corrosive and causes severe skin and eye burns (GHS Skin Corrosion 1A, H314). It reacts violently and exothermically with water and with many metals, liberating flammable hydrogen, so while it is not flammable itself it is a serious chemical hazard. For transport it is DOT/UN Class 8 Corrosive, UN1830, Packing Group II.
Always add acid to water, never water to acid, slowly and with cooling. Handlers must wear acid-resistant gloves, a face shield and goggles, and acid-rated clothing, and work with ventilation and an emergency eyewash and shower nearby. On contact, flush with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.
Store in compatible, bunded containers away from water, bases, metals and organic or combustible materials. The full 16-section GHS-aligned SDS ships with every order for EHS and operations teams.
- High Purity Levels: Ensures optimal performance and reliability in various applications.
- Function: pH Adjuster, Catalyst, Dehydrating Agent, Reactant, Cleaning Agent.
- Colorless and Dense: Recognizable characteristics facilitate safe handling and assessment.
- Features: High concentration (98% assay), high density, strong acidity (pH <1), powerful oxidizing and dehydrating properties.
- Strong Corrosive Properties: Effectively engages in diverse chemical reactions and processes.
- Benefits: Highly effective and economical for large-scale industrial applications. Its reactivity is crucial for synthesizing a vast range of chemicals, fertilizers, and materials. It serves as a high-performance electrolyte in lead-acid batteries and is efficient in refining petroleum and processing metals.
- Stable Under Varied Conditions: Maintains integrity, reducing the risk of degradation.
- Advanced Purification Methods: Guarantees minimal impurities for consistent quality and safety.
About Sulphuric Acid
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is the highest-tonnage industrial chemical in the world and a bedrock of the chemical economy. National sulphuric acid consumption is often used as an indicator of industrial activity. A strong, dense, powerfully dehydrating mineral acid, it is used above all in phosphate fertiliser manufacture, and across chemical synthesis, metal pickling and ore processing, petroleum refining, battery electrolyte and water treatment. It is supplied at various concentrations, most commonly 98% (concentrated), and in battery grade (high purity for lead-acid batteries) and technical grade. Its extreme corrosivity and strong affinity for water dictate specialised storage, handling and transport at every concentration. Industrial buyers sourcing Sulphuric Acid in bulk also track sulphuric acid pricing closely, since it feeds directly into their downstream costs which is why working with an established sulphuric acid supplier and distributor like Elchemy matters.
Sulphuric Acid Suppliers, Manufacturers & Distributors
Elchemy is a trusted sulphuric acid supplier, manufacturer partner and distributor, serving fertiliser, chemical, mining, battery, refining and water-treatment manufacturers across the USA, UK, UAE and 40+ countries. As an established sulphuric acid manufacturer network, we supply concentrated 98%, battery-grade and technical-grade H₂SO₄ with a Certificate of Analysis on every batch, and the hazmat documentation each market requires.
Where to Buy Sulphuric Acid in Bulk (98% & Battery Grade)
Looking for where to buy sulphuric acid for industrial or laboratory use? Elchemy supplies bulk sulphuric acid - concentrated 98%, battery grade and technical grade - by the drum, IBC tote or tanker, to businesses across 40+ countries with the required transport and compliance paperwork.
Because it is a DOT Class 8 corrosive (UN1830), we supply verified industrial and laboratory buyers rather than consumers. Submit the quote form with your grade, concentration, volume and destination for pricing within 24–48 hours.
Sulphuric Acid Price: Bulk Pricing & Price per MT
The sulphuric acid price tracks the cost of sulphur - much of it a by-product of oil and gas processing - and energy, so Elchemy quotes live rather than publishing a fixed rate.
Grade (98% versus battery versus technical), concentration, packaging, freight and destination all shape the final number. Buyers benchmark the price per metric ton for contracts and per-drum for smaller lots. Request a quote for an exact bulk sulphuric acid price within 24–48 hours.
Sulphuric Acid Manufacturing Process (Contact Process)
Sulphuric acid is manufactured industrially by the Contact Process, in three stages:
- Burn sulphur to SO₂ - elemental sulphur, or sulphide ore, is burned in air to form sulphur dioxide: S + O₂ → SO₂
- Catalytic oxidation to SO₃ - SO₂ is oxidised to sulphur trioxide over a vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) catalyst at around 450 °C: 2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2SO₃
- Absorption and dilution - SO₃ is absorbed into concentrated sulphuric acid to form oleum (H₂S₂O₇), which is then diluted with water to the target strength
Raw materials are sulphur, air and water, with a V₂O₅ catalyst. Every shipment Elchemy supplies is tested for assay, iron, chloride and heavy metals against the grade spec, with a Certificate of Analysis per order.
Grades Available
- Concentrated / Technical (98%, min 98.5%) - fertiliser, chemical synthesis, metal pickling and general industrial use
- Battery Grade (98% high purity, or 37% dilute) - lead-acid battery electrolyte, with low iron, chloride and heavy metals
- Reagent / Laboratory, ACS (95–98%) - analysis, R&D and small-quantity laboratory use
- Oleum (fuming, >100% with free SO₃) - sulfonation and oleum chemistry
- Dilute / Chamber (10–78%) - water treatment, battery and dilute process uses
Buy Sulphuric Acid in Bulk - Packaging & Logistics
Sulphuric acid ships in acid-resistant HDPE drums and jerry cans, IBC totes, and road or rail tankers for bulk, all under DOT and IMDG hazmat rules (UN1830, Class 8, Packing Group II).
Tanker and IBC supply requires buyer-side receiving infrastructure in compatible materials - HDPE, FRP, PTFE-lined or specific stainless grades, never carbon steel with dilute acid. US domestic stock supports faster fulfilment, and Elchemy arranges compliant freight, placarding and customs paperwork on FOB, CIF or DDP terms.
Store in a cool, ventilated, bunded area away from water, bases, metals and organics.
Why Choose Elchemy as a Trusted Sulphuric Acid Supplier
- All grades from one partner - concentrated 98%, battery grade, technical grade and oleum, matched to your process
- Full documentation and compliance - COA, TDS and GHS SDS every order; TSCA, REACH and hazmat transport paperwork handled
- Verified industrial and laboratory supply - compliant supply of a regulated corrosive, with samples before any bulk order
- 40+ countries - multi-origin sourcing for competitive landed cost, plus tailored grades via custom manufacturing
Safety & Handling
Sulphuric acid is highly corrosive and causes severe skin and eye burns (GHS Skin Corrosion 1A, H314). It reacts violently and exothermically with water and with many metals, liberating flammable hydrogen, so while it is not flammable itself it is a serious chemical hazard. For transport it is DOT/UN Class 8 Corrosive, UN1830, Packing Group II.
Always add acid to water, never water to acid, slowly and with cooling. Handlers must wear acid-resistant gloves, a face shield and goggles, and acid-rated clothing, and work with ventilation and an emergency eyewash and shower nearby. On contact, flush with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.
Store in compatible, bunded containers away from water, bases, metals and organic or combustible materials. The full 16-section GHS-aligned SDS ships with every order for EHS and operations teams.
- High Purity Levels: Ensures optimal performance and reliability in various applications.
- Function: pH Adjuster, Catalyst, Dehydrating Agent, Reactant, Cleaning Agent.
- Colorless and Dense: Recognizable characteristics facilitate safe handling and assessment.
- Features: High concentration (98% assay), high density, strong acidity (pH <1), powerful oxidizing and dehydrating properties.
- Strong Corrosive Properties: Effectively engages in diverse chemical reactions and processes.
- Benefits: Highly effective and economical for large-scale industrial applications. Its reactivity is crucial for synthesizing a vast range of chemicals, fertilizers, and materials. It serves as a high-performance electrolyte in lead-acid batteries and is efficient in refining petroleum and processing metals.
- Stable Under Varied Conditions: Maintains integrity, reducing the risk of degradation.
- Advanced Purification Methods: Guarantees minimal impurities for consistent quality and safety.
Regulatory Compliance
| Region | Max Allowed Level | Notes | Certification Body |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 0.014% | Listed on the TSCA Inventory. Regulated by OSHA for workplace exposure (PEL TWA 1 mg/m³). Classified as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) for specific food uses. | TSCA |
| European Union | - | Registered under REACH. Harmonised classification as Skin Corrosion 1A (H314). | REACH |
| Canada | - | Listed on the Domestic Substances List (DSL). | DSL |
| India | - | Regulated under Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for quality specifications. | BIS Certification (IS 266) |
| Japan | - | Listed on the Inventory of Existing and New Chemical Substances (ENCS). | CSCL |
| Australia | - | Listed on the Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals (AIIC). | AICIS |
| China | - | Listed on the Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances in China (IECSC). | IECSC |
| Republic of Korea | - | Registered under K-REACH. | K-REACH |
| ASEAN | - | Regulated under the ASEAN Cosmetic Directive. | - |
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